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于 2009-03-18 16:34 个人信息 发悄悄话 引用回复 编辑本帖 搜索发帖 复制本帖 收藏本帖 投诉该帖
都知道480机头是奇瑞创始之初从英国买来的生产线生产的，之后又与AVL公司合作改进后用于风云后期车型以及06、07款新旗云都市型上。以下是网上找来的国外对这款福特发动机的介绍以及应用车型一览。老外们认为这个发动机动静大、保养容错差是两个大的缺点，同时改装和升级潜力有很不错。
The letters CVH denote a particular type of 4-cylinder internal combustion engine produced by the Ford Motor Company during the 1980s and 1990s.
CVH是福特公司于20世纪80至90年代生产的一系列四汽缸内燃式发动机的型号
The CVH (Compound Valve angle Hemispherical combustion chamber) engine was introduced by Ford in 1980 in the third generation Ford Escort. It was later used in the Ford Sierra as well as the second generation Ford Fiesta and from 1983 it was used in the Ford Orion. Engines were built in the Dearborn Engine Plant for the North American market, and in Ford's then-new engine plant in Bridgend in Wales for the European market.
CVH（Compound Valve angle Hemispherical combustion chamber倾斜气门角度半球形燃烧室）发动机由福特公司于1980年首次应用于第三代Escort车型上。此后，又先后用于Sierra、第二代Fiesta，并从1983年开始，用于Orion车型。该发动机分别在位于美国的Dearborn发动机工厂，以及当时全新的位于威尔士Bridgend的工厂生产，供应北美和欧洲市场。
The engine was originally conceived in 1974 and is unique in terms of its valves mounted at a compound angle, which allows for a hemispherical combustion chamber shape without using a more expensive twin camshaft arrangement. It also featured hydraulic valve lifters, a first for a European Ford engine.
该发动机最初设计于1974年，其特色在于将气门安装在一个倾斜的角度上，因此可将燃烧室设计为半球形，从而无需使用成本较高的双凸轮轴设计。同时，也在供应欧洲市场的福特发动机上，首次采用液压气门挺杆。
Throughout its 20-year production life, the CVH had a reputation for being almost painfully coarse and noisy at high revs (CVH, said some pundits, was an acronym for Considerable Vibration and Harshness). Jeremy Clarkson famously said of the CVH-powered Escort that "it was powered by engines so rough, even Moulinex wouldn't use them".
在其20年的生产历史上，CVH发动机因其结构粗糙和高转速下的噪音而为人诟病，甚至可以用令人痛苦来形容（某些专家干脆把CVH描述为“Considerable Vibration and Harshness程度可观的震动和粗糙”的缩写）
The CVH was also notorious for its lubricating oil to sludge prematurely if the service schedule was skipped. Timing belts frequently failed about 60,000 to 90,000 miles (100,000 to 150,000 kilometers).
此外，CVH发动机还有一个恶名昭著的缺点，就是在未能按计划进行保养的情况下，润滑油会过早结成油泥。正时皮带也经常在使用10万-15万公里时断裂
Despite its considerable shortcomings in terms of NVH (Noise, Vibration and Harshness), and its aforementioned intolerance to poor or neglected servicing, the CVH was regarded as being a very easy engine to tune, and with many of its key components being considerably over-engineered. It wasn't long before the engine started receiving attention from the aftermarket tuning industry, and the 1.6 litre version quickly became a stalwart of the tuning scene in the 1980s and 1990s with some phenomenal power outputs (over 200 bhp) being extracted from the turbocharged variants. The naturally aspirated 1.6 was a popular choice for the kit car industry where it could be relatively easily and cheaply tweaked to around 130 bhp (97 kW).
尽管在N、V、H三个方面（N=噪音，V=震动，H=粗糙）以及在前面提到的保养容错方面有诸多缺点，但是CVH仍然被认为是一款非常易于调教的发动机，且许多关键部件的生产配套均已相当成熟。推出不多久，就引起了一些调教和改装公司的注意，尤其是1.6升发动机，在80至90年代很快就成了人们调试和改装的热门。在配置涡轮增压装置后，功率甚至可以达到200马力（约148千瓦）。自然吸气式1.6升发动机还深受赛车改装行业的欢迎，因为其功率可以较为容易地调到97千瓦，而成本则相对低廉。
The CVH was produced in many different capacities from 1.1 to 2.0 litres, the smaller versions being exclusively for the European market.
CVH发动机覆盖1.1到2.0多个排量，在福特的多个发动机工厂生产。其中的低排量系列专用于欧洲市场。
The 1.6 L CVH was used in the 1980 European Escort and 1981 North American Escort. Bore was 80.0 mm (3.149 in) and stroke was 79.5 mm (3.130 in). Output was 69 hp (52 kW) and 86 ft•lbf (117 Nm), while European versions produced 90 hp (67 kW) in standard carburettor trim for vehicles with automatic transmission and 97 hp (72 kW) for the Fiesta XR2 and the Escort XR3, or 105 hp (78 kW), 108 hp (81 kW) or 115 hp (86 kW) in various fuel injected versions. The 115 hp (86 kW) version was restricted to the very rare Escort RS1600i - a tuned version of the mainstream XR3i.
1.6升CVH发动机于1980年首次搭载在欧洲款福特Escort轿车上，在北美市场的首次使用则是1981年生产的北美版Escort，其缸径80毫米，活塞直径79.5毫米，输出功率52千瓦，扭矩117牛米。而在自动变速车型上，欧洲市场化油器版的1.6升CVH的功率提高到了67千瓦，用于Fiesta XR2和Escort XR3的化油器发动机则可达到72千瓦。之后又有多款电喷版1.6升CVH发动机推出，功率分别可以达到78千瓦，81千瓦甚至86千瓦。其中86千瓦这一型号，只用于非常罕见的Escort RS1600i，该车型则是由常见的XR3i改装而来。
使用CVH系列发动机的车型一览：
1980-1986 Ford Escort Mk. 3 (Europe): 1.1 L, 1.3 L, 1.6 L
1986-1990 Ford Escort Mk. 4 (Europe): 1.3 L, 1.4 L, 1.6 L
1990-2000 Ford Escort Mk. 5 (Europe): 1.3 L, 1.4 L, 1.6 L (1.6 L replaced by Zetec in '92)
1981-1984 Ford Escort (US) 1.6 L
1981-1984 Mercury Lynx (US) 1.6 L
1982-1983 Mercury LN7 (US) 1.6 L
1985-1990 Ford Escort (US) 1.9 L
1985-1987 Mercury Lynx (US) 1.9 L
1991-1996 Ford Escort (US) 1.9 L
1991-1996 Mercury Tracer (US) 1.9 L
1997-2002 Ford Escort (US) 2.0 L
1997-1999 Mercury Tracer (US) 2.0 L
2000-2004 Ford Focus (US) 2.0 L
1983-1989 Ford Fiesta Mk. 2: 1.3 L, 1.4 L, 1.6 L (1.4 L replaced 1.3 L for '86 model year)
1989-1995 Ford Fiesta Mk. 3: 1.4 L, 1.6 L (replaced by Zetec '93 model year onward bar 1.4 Si)
1988-1993 Ford Sierra: 1.6 L, 1.8 L (Replaced Pinto from '89 model year onward)
1983-1986 Ford Orion Mk. 1 (Europe): 1.3 L, 1.6 L
1986-1990 Ford Orion Mk. 2 (Europe): 1.4 L, 1.6 L
1990-1992 Ford Orion Mk. 3 (Europe): 1.4 L, 1.6 L
1982-1988 Ford EXP (US) 1.6 L and 1.9 L
1982-1993 Morgan 4/4 1.6 L
可以看到，我们的480机头底子还算可以，我们的1.6旗云可以说是嘉年华的发动机+图雷多的壳+捷达的底盘和变速箱的合成物
至于改型后的480系列的结构、特性、维修，可看这里的链接，很专业(外部链接，不予显示)tech/03/qrjc/index.htm
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